Named in 1643 for the day of
its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in
1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty
to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a
national park.
Geography
Christmas Island
Location:
Southeastern Asia, island in
the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
tropical with a wet season
(December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade
winds
Terrain:
steep cliffs along coast rise
abruptly to central plateau
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian
Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Natural resources:
phosphate, beaches
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical
rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Irrigated land:
NA
Natural hazards:
the narrow fringing reef
surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Environment - current issues:
loss of rainforest; impact of
phosphate mining
Geography - note:
located along major sea lanes
of Indian Ocean
People
Christmas Island
Population:
1,402 (July 2007 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate:
0% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
NA
Death rate:
NA (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
NA (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
NA
Infant mortality rate:
total: NA
male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)
Total fertility rate:
NA (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA
Nationality:
noun: Christmas
Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Ethnic groups:
Chinese 70%, European 20%,
Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Religions:
Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%,
Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Languages:
English (official), Chinese,
Malay
Literacy:
NA
Government
Christmas Island
Country name:
conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form:
Christmas Island
Dependency status:
non-self governing territory of
Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's
Department
Government type:
NA
Capital:
name: The Settlement
geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time
difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard
Time)
Administrative divisions:
none (territory of Australia)
Independence:
none (territory of Australia)
National holiday:
Australia Day, 26 January
(1788)
Constitution:
Christmas Island Act of 1958-59
(1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Legal system:
under the authority of the
governor general of Australia and Australian law
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen
ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian
governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS
(since 30 January 2006) elections: the monarch is hereditary;
administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and
represents the monarch and Australia
Legislative branch:
unicameral Christmas Island
Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms) elections: held every two years with half the members
standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court; District Court;
Magistrate's Court
Political parties and leaders:
none
Political pressure groups and leaders:
none
International organization participation:
none
Diplomatic representation in the US:
none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
none (territory of Australia)
Flag description:
territorial flag; divided
diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with
a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower
triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing
Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of
the island note: the flag of Australia is used for official
purposes
Economy
Christmas Island
Economy - overview:
Phosphate mining had been the
only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian
Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the
support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed
in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation
of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin
operations in the near future.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Labor force:
NA
Budget:
revenues: expenditures:
Agriculture - products:
NA
Industries:
tourism, phosphate extraction
(near depletion)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: NA
hydro: NA nuclear: NA other: NA
Exports:
Exports - commodities:
phosphate
Exports - partners:
Australia, NZ (2006)
Imports:
Imports - commodities:
consumer goods
Imports - partners:
principally Australia (2006)
Economic aid - recipient:
Currency (code):
Australian dollar (AUD)
Currency code:
AUD
Exchange rates:
Australian dollars per US
dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004),
1.5419 (2003)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
Communications
Christmas Island
Telephones - main lines in use:
NA
Telephone system:
general assessment:
service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile
telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005
international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth station - 1
(Intelsat provides telephone and telex service) (2005)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Radios:
1,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
0 (TV broadcasts received via
satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)
