|
|
Background: |
A former British colony, Cyprus
became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule.
Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority
came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of
Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic
intercommunal violence continued forcing most Turkish Cypriots into
enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored
attempt to seize control of Cyprus was met by military intervention from
Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983,
the Turkish-held area declared itself the 'Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus' (TRNC), but it is recognized only by Turkey. The latest two-year
round of UN-brokered talks - between the leaders of the Greek Cypriot and
Turkish Cypriot communities to reach an agreement to reunite the divided
island - ended when the Greek Cypriots rejected the UN settlement plan in
an April 2004 referendum. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004,
although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations -
applies only to the areas under direct government control, and is
suspended in the areas administered by Turkish Cypriots. However,
individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for
Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to
other citizens of European Union states. The election of a new Cypriot
president in 2008 served as the impetus for the UN to encourage both the
Turkish and Cypriot Governments to reopen unification negotiations.
|
|
Location: |
Middle East, island in the
Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey |
|
Geographic coordinates: |
35 00 N, 33 00 E |
|
Map references: |
Middle East |
|
Area: |
total: 9,250 sq km (of
which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)
land: 9,240 sq km
water: 10 sq km |
|
Area - comparative: |
about 0.6 times the size of
Connecticut |
|
Land boundaries: |
total: 150.4 km
(approximately)
border sovereign base areas: Akrotiri 47.4 km,
Dhekelia 103 km (approximately) |
|
Coastline: |
648 km |
|
Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200-m
depth or to the depth of exploitation |
|
Climate: |
temperate; Mediterranean with
hot, dry summers and cool winters |
|
Terrain: |
central plain with mountains to
north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast
|
|
Elevation extremes: |
lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m
|
|
Natural resources: |
copper, pyrites, asbestos,
gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment |
|
Land use: |
arable land: 10.81%
permanent crops: 4.32%
other: 84.87% (2005) |
|
Irrigated land: |
400 sq km (2003) |
|
Total renewable water resources: |
0.4 cu km (2005) |
|
Freshwater withdrawal
(domestic/industrial/agricultural): |
total: 0.21 cu km/yr
(27%/1%/71%)
per capita: 250 cu m/yr (2000) |
|
Natural hazards: |
moderate earthquake activity;
droughts |
|
Environment - current issues: |
water resource problems (no
natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water
intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north);
water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation;
loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization |
|
Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Air Pollution,
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not
ratified: none of the selected agreements |
|
Geography - note: |
the third largest island in the
Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia) |
|
Population: |
792,604 (July 2008 est.) |
|
Age structure: |
0-14 years: 19.5% (male
78,922/female 75,523)
15-64 years: 68.5% (male 275,223/female
267,798)
65 years and over: 12% (male 41,592/female 53,546)
(2008 est.) |
|
Median age: |
total: 35.3 years
male: 34.3 years
female: 36.4 years (2008 est.)
|
|
Population growth rate: |
0.522% (2008 est.) |
|
Birth rate: |
12.56 births/1,000 population
(2008 est.) |
|
Death rate: |
7.76 deaths/1,000 population
(2008 est.) |
|
Net migration rate: |
0.42 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2008 est.) |
|
Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64
years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78
male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate: |
total: 6.75 deaths/1,000
live births
male: 8.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.) |
|
Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 78.15
years
male: 75.75 years
female: 80.67 years (2008
est.) |
|
Total fertility rate: |
1.79 children born/woman (2008
est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
0.1% (2003 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
less than 1,000 (1999 est.)
|
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
NA |
|
Nationality: |
noun: Cypriot(s)
adjective: Cypriot |
|
Ethnic groups: |
Greek 77%, Turkish 18%, other
5% (2001) |
|
Religions: |
Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%,
other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4% |
|
Languages: |
Greek, Turkish, English |
|
Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and
over can read and write
total population: 97.6%
male: 98.9%
female: 96.3% (2003 est.)
|
|
Country name: |
conventional long form:
Republic of Cyprus
conventional short form: Cyprus
local
long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti
local short
form: Kypros/Kibris
note: the Turkish Cypriot community,
which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the
'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' (TRNC) |
|
Government type: |
republic
note: a
separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began
following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was
further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974 that
followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de
facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only
internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot
'President' Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a
'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' (TRNC), which is recognized only by
Turkey |
|
Capital: |
name: Nicosia (Lefkosia)
geographic coordinates: 35 10 N, 33 22 E
time
difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard
Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March;
ends last Sunday in October |
|
Administrative divisions: |
6 districts; Famagusta,
Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos; note - Turkish Cypriot area's
administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of
Famagusta, and small parts of Lefkosia (Nicosia) |
|
Independence: |
16 August 1960 (from UK); note
- Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and
independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by
Turkey |
|
National holiday: |
Independence Day, 1 October
(1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as
Independence Day |
|
Constitution: |
16 August 1960
note:
from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the
government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised
constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek
and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in
1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created
their own constitution and governing bodies within the 'Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus,' which became the 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
(TRNC)' when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a
new constitution for the 'TRNC' passed by referendum on 5 May 1985,
although the 'TRNC' remains unrecognized by any country other than Turkey
|
|
Legal system: |
based on English common law,
with civil law modifications; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations |
|
Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal
|
|
Executive branch: |
chief of state:
President Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS (since 28 February 2008); note - the
president is both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice
president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is
reserved for a Turkish Cypriot
head of government: President
Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS (since 28 February 2008)
cabinet: Council
of Ministers appointed jointly by the president and vice president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year
term; election last held 17 and 24 February 2008 (next to be held in
February 2013)
election results: Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS elected
president; percent of vote (first round) - Ioannis KASOULIDIS 33.5%,
Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS 33.3%, Tassos PAPADOPOULOS 31.8%; (second round)
Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS 53.4%, Ioannis KASOULIDIS 46.6%
note:
Mehmet Ali TALAT became 'president' of the 'TRNC', 24 April 2005, after
'presidential' elections on 17 April 2005; results - Mehmet Ali TALAT
55.6%, Dervis EROGLU 22.7%; Ferdi Sabit SOYER is 'TRNC prime minister' and
heads the Council of Ministers (cabinet) in coalition with 'Foreign
Minister and Deputy Prime Minister' Turgay AVCI |
|
Legislative branch: |
unicameral - area under
government control: House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80
seats, 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note -
only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms); area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: area under government control: last held 21 May 2006
(next to be held 2011); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held
14 December 2003 (next to be held in 2008)
election results:
area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote
by party - AKEL 31.1%, DISY 30.3%, DIKO 17.9%, EDEK 8.9%, EURO.KO 5.8%,
Greens 2.0%; seats by party - AKEL (Communist) 18, DISY 18, DIKO 11, EDEK
5, EURO.KO 3, Greens 1; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Assembly of
the Republic - percent of vote by party - CTP 35.8%, UBP 32.3%, Peace and
Democratic Movement 13.4%, DP 12.3%; seats by party - CTP 19, UBP 18,
Peace and Democratic Movement 6, DP 7; note - 'TRNC' seats by party as of
September 2006 - CTP 25, OP 3, UBP 13, DP 6, BDH 1, independents 2 |
|
Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court (judges are
appointed jointly by the president and vice president)
note:
there is also a Supreme Court in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots
|
|
Political parties and leaders: |
area under government
control: Democratic Party or DIKO [Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally
or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS]; European Democracy or EURO.DI [Prodromos
PRODROMOU] (evolved from For Europe which merged with New Horizons);
European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic
Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George
PERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yannakis OMIROU];
Political Movement of Hunters [Michalis PAFITANIS]; Progressive Party of
the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitris CHRISTOFIAS];
United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]
area administered by
Turkish Cypriots: Communal Liberation Party or TKP [Huseyin
ANGOLEMLI]; Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Kazim ONGEN]; Democratic Party
or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; Freedom and Reform Party or OP [Turgay AVCI];
National Unity Party or UBP [Tahsin ERTUGRULOGLU]; Nationalist Justice
Party or MAP [Ata TEPE]; New Party or YP [Huseyin TURAN]; Our Party or BP
[Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Oguz OZEN]; Peace and
Democratic Movement or BDH [Mustafa AKINCI]; Renewal Progress Party or YAP
[Ertugrul HASIPOGLU]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Ferdi Sabit SOYER];
United Cyprus Party or BKP [Isset IZCAN] |
|
Political pressure groups and leaders: |
Confederation of Cypriot
Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or
Dev-Is; Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen;
Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled) |
|
International organization participation: |
Australia Group, C, CE, EBRD,
EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM
(guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|
|
Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Andreas KAKOURIS
chancery: 2211 R Street NW,
Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 462-5772, 462-0873
FAX: [1] (202) 483-6710
consulate(s) general: New
York
note: representative of the Turkish Cypriot community in
the US is Hilmi AKIL; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC;
telephone [1] (202) 887-6198 |
|
Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ronald L. SCHLICHER
embassy: corner of Metochiou and
Ploutarchou Streets, 2407 Engomi, Nicosia
mailing address: P.
O. Box 24536, 1385 Nicosia
telephone: [357] (22) 393939
FAX: [357] (22) 780944 |
|
Flag description: |
white with a copper-colored
silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word
for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the
flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between
the Greek and Turkish communities
note: the 'Turkish Republic
of Northern Cyprus' flag has a white field with narrow horizontal red
stripes positioned a small distance from the top and bottom edges between
which is centered a red crescent and a red five-pointed star
|
|
Economy - overview: |
The area of the Republic of
Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by the
service sector, which accounts for 78% of GDP. Tourism, financial
services, and real estate are the most important sectors. Erratic growth
rates over the past decade reflect the economy's reliance on tourism,
which often fluctuates with political instability in the region and
economic conditions in Western Europe. Nevertheless, the economy in the
area under government control grew by an average of 3.6% per year during
the period of 2000-06, well above the EU average. Cyprus joined the
European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM2) in May 2005 and adopted the euro
as its national currency on 1 January 2008. An aggressive austerity
program in the preceeding years, aimed at paving the way for the euro,
helped turn a soaring fiscal deficit (6.3% in 2003) into a surplus of 1.5%
in 2007. As in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, water shortages
are a perennial problem; a few desalination plants are now on line. After
10 years of drought, the country received substantial rainfall from
2001-04 alleviating immediate concerns. Rainfall in 2005 and 2006,
however, was well below average, making water rationing a necessity in
2007. |
|
GDP (purchasing power parity): |
$21.41 billion (2007 est.)
|
|
GDP (official exchange rate): |
$20.51 billion (2007 est.)
|
|
GDP - real growth rate: |
4.4% (2007 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita (PPP): |
$27,100 (2007 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 3.1%
industry: 18.6%
services: 78.3% (2007 est.) |
|
Labor force: |
377,400 (2007 est.) |
|
Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture: 8.5%
industry: 20.5%
services: 71% (2006 est.) |
|
Unemployment rate: |
3.8% (2007 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line: |
NA% |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
|
Distribution of family income - Gini index: |
29 (2005) |
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
2.2% (2007 est.) |
|
Investment (gross fixed): |
19.6% of GDP (2007 est.) |
|
Budget: |
revenues:: $10.2 billion
expenditures:: $9.9 billion (2007 est.) |
|
Public debt: |
61.5% of GDP (2007 est.) |
|
Agriculture - products: |
citrus, vegetables, barley,
grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese |
|
Industries: |
tourism, food and beverage
processing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair and refurbishment,
textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay
products |
|
Industrial production growth rate: |
2% (2007 est.) |
|
Electricity - production: |
4.618 billion kWh (2006) |
|
Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
|
|
Electricity - consumption: |
4.135 billion kWh (2006) |
|
Electricity - exports: |
0 kWh (2007) |
|
Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (2007) |
|
Oil - production: |
300 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
|
Oil - consumption: |
56,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|
|
Oil - exports: |
0 bbl/day (2004) |
|
Oil - imports: |
51,640 bbl/day (2004) |
|
Oil - proved reserves: |
NA |
|
Natural gas - production: |
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
|
Natural gas - consumption: |
NA |
|
Natural gas - exports: |
0 cu m (2007 est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports: |
NA |
|
Natural gas - proved reserves: |
0 cu m (1 January 2006) |
|
Current account balance: |
$1.469 billion (2007 est.)
|
|
Exports: |
$1.58 billion f.o.b. (2007
est.) |
|
Exports - commodities: |
citrus, potatoes,
pharmaceuticals, cement, and clothing |
|
Exports - partners: |
UK 15.1%, Greece 14.2%, France
7.7%, Germany 4.9%, UAE 4.2% (2006) |
|
Imports: |
$7.698 billion f.o.b. (2007
est.) |
|
Imports - commodities: |
consumer goods, petroleum and
lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment |
|
Imports - partners: |
Greece 17.6%, Italy 11.4%,
Germany 9%, UK 8.9%, Israel 6.3%, France 4.3%, Netherlands 4.3%, China
4.2% (2006) |
|
Economic aid - donor: |
$25.9 million (2006) |
|
Economic aid - recipient: |
$15 million (2006) |
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: |
$6.176 billion (31 December
2007 est.) |
|
Debt - external: |
$26.12 billion (31 December
2007 est.) |
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: |
$13.9 billion (2006) |
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: |
$4.7 billion (2006) |
|
Market value of publicly traded shares: |
$48.2 billion (December 2007)
|
|
Currency (code): |
Cypriot pound (CYP); euro (EUR)
after 1 January 2008 |
|
Currency code: |
CYP; TRL |
|
Exchange rates: |
Cypriot pounds per US
dollar: 0.4286 (2007), 0.4586 (2006), 0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004),
0.5174 (2003) |
|
Fiscal year: |
calendar year |
|
Economy of the area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: |
Economy - overview: The
Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly 30% of the per capita GDP of the
south, and economic growth tends to be volatile, given the north's
relative isolation, bloated public sector, reliance on the Turkish lira,
and small market size. Agriculture and services, together, employ more
than half of the work force. The Turkish Cypriot economy grew around 10.6%
in 2006, fueled by growth in the construction and education sectors, as
well as increased employment of Turkish Cypriots in the area under
government control. GDP declined about 2.0% in 2007. The Turkish Cypriots
are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish Government. Ankara
directly finances around one-third of the 'TRNC's' budget. Aid from Turkey
has exceeded $400 million annually in recent years.
GDP (purchasing
power parity): $1.865 billion (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth
rate: -2% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita: $11,800 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 8.6%, industry:
22.5%, services: 69.1% (2006 est.)
Labor force: 95,030 (2007
est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%,
industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004)
Unemployment rate: 9.4%
(2005 est.)
Population below poverty line: %NA
Inflation
rate: 11.4% (2006)
Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion,
expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)
Agriculture - products:
citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb
Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay,
gypsum, copper, furniture
Industrial production growth rate:
-0.3% (2007 est.)
Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh
(2005)
Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005)
Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Export -
commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles
Export -
partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by
Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited
Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Import -
commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals,
machinery
Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between
the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government
control remains limited
Economic aid - recipient: under a July
2006 agreement, Turkey plans to provide the area administered by Turkish
Cypriots 1.875 billion YTL ($1.3 billion) over three years (600 million
YTL in 2006, 625 million YTL in 2007 and 650 million YTL in 2008); Turkey
has forgiven most past aid; additionally, the EU pledged financial
assistance of Euro 259 million ($388 million) in 2004, which is yet to be
disbursed.
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Debt - external:
Currency (code): Turkish new
lira (YTL)
Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar:
1.319 (2007) 1.4286 (2006) 1.3436 (2005) 1.4255 (2004) 1.5009 (2003)
|
|
Telephones - main lines in use: |
area under government control:
408,300 (2006); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 86,228 (2002)
|
|
Telephones - mobile cellular: |
area under government control:
777,500 (2006); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 143,178 (2002)
|
|
Telephone system: |
general assessment:
excellent in both area under government control and area administered by
Turkish Cypriots
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and
microwave radio relay
international: country code - 357 (area
administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a
number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide
connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric
scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2
Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) |
|
Radio broadcast stations: |
area under government
control: AM 5, FM 76, shortwave 0
area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: AM 1, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2004) |
|
Radios: |
Greek Cypriot area: 310,000
(1997); Turkish Cypriot area: 56,450 (1994) |
|
Television broadcast stations: |
area under government
control: 8
area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 2 (plus 4
relay) (2004) |
|
Televisions: |
Greek Cypriot area: 248,000
(1997); Turkish Cypriot area: 52,300 (1994) |
|
Internet country code: |
.cy |
|
Internet hosts: |
36,964 (2007) |
|
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
6 (2000) |
|
Internet users: |
356,600 (2006) |
|
Airports: |
16 (2007) |
|
Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 13
2,438
to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523
m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 3
1,524 to
2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2007) |
|
Heliports: |
10 (2007) |
|
Roadways: |
total: 14,630 km (area
under government control: 12,280 km; area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: 2,350 km)
paved: area under government control: 7,979
km (includes 257 km of expressways); area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: 1,370 km
unpaved: area under government control:
4,301 km; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 980 km (2006) |
|
Merchant marine: |
total: 868 ships (1000
GRT or over) 19,408,418 GRT/30,843,848 DWT
by type: bulk
carrier 311, cargo 197, chemical tanker 58, container 163, liquefied gas
7, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 24, petroleum tanker 64, refrigerated
cargo 17, roll on/roll off 16, vehicle carrier 5
foreign-owned:
724 (Austria 1, Belgium 1, Cyprus 2, China 10, Cuba 2, Denmark 1, Estonia
5, Germany 197, Greece 292, Hong Kong 2, India 1, Iran 2, Ireland 1,
Israel 4, Italy 5, Japan 19, South Korea 2, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1,
Netherlands 23, Norway 17, Philippines 1, Poland 18, Portugal 1, Russia
50, Singapore 1, Slovenia 4, Spain 7, Sweden 2, Switzerland 3, Syria 2,
Turkey 1, Ukraine 6, UAE 10, UK 21, US 8)
registered in other
countries: 133 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Bahamas 20, Belize 1, Cambodia
9, Comoros 1, Georgia 1, Gibraltar 5, Greece 5, Isle of Man 4, Liberia 5,
Malta 15, Marshall Islands 39, Norway 2, Panama 15, Russia 2, Samoa 1, St
Vincent and The Grenadines 3, Turkey 2, UK 1, unknown 1) (2007) |
|
Ports and terminals: |
area under government control:
Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos; area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
Famagusta, Kyrenia |
|
Military branches: |
Republic of Cyprus: Greek
Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Forea, EF; includes air and naval
elements); northern Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK) (2007)
|
|
Military service age and obligation: |
Greek Cypriot National Guard
(GCNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek
Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; females are not
conscripted; age of military eligibility 17 to 50; length of normal
service is 25 months with a minimum of 3 months (2006) |
|
Manpower available for military service: |
Greek Cypriot National Guard
(GCNG):
males age 16-49: 199,767
females age
16-49: 190,665 (2008 est.) |
|
Manpower fit for military service: |
Greek Cypriot National Guard
(GCNG):
males age 16-49: 165,042
females age
16-49: 158,869 (2008 est.) |
|
Manpower reaching military service age annually: |
Greek Cypriot National Guard
(GCNG):
males age 16-49: 6,482
females age
16-49: 6,208 (2008 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: |
3.8% (2005 est.)
|
| Transnational Issues |
Cyprus |
|
Disputes - international: |
hostilities in 1974 divided the
island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally
recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north
Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has
served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north
and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the European Union still divided,
with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire)
suspended in the north |
|
Refugees and internally displaced persons: |
IDPs: 210,000 (both
Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced for over 30 years) (2007)
|
|
Trafficking in persons: |
current situation:
Cyprus is primarily a destination country for a large number of women
trafficked from Eastern and Central Europe, the Philippines, and the
Dominican Republic for the purpose of sexual exploitation; traffickers
continued to fraudulently recruit victims for work as dancers in cabarets
and nightclubs on short-term 'artiste' visas, for work in pubs and bars on
employment visas, or for illegal work on tourist or student visas; there
were credible reports of female domestic workers from India, Sri Lanka,
and the Philippines forced to work excessively long hours and denied
proper compensation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cyprus
does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking and failed to show evidence of increasing efforts to address
its serious trafficking for sexual exploitation problem; however, it is
making significant efforts to do so |
|
Illicit drugs: |
minor transit point for heroin
and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially
from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a
strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to
money laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sector
remains weak |
|
