The third smallest state in
Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the
world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a
Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign
policy is aligned with that of Italy; social and political trends in the
republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Geography
San Marino
Location:
Southern Europe, an enclave in
central Italy
Geographic coordinates:
43 46 N, 12 25 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 61.2 sq km
land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
about one third times the size
of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Mediterranean; mild to cool
winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain:
rugged mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Torrente
Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
total: 41.2 years
male: 40.9 years female: 41.6 years (2008 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.181% (2008 est.)
Birth rate:
9.74 births/1,000 population
(2008 est.)
Death rate:
8.37 deaths/1,000 population
(2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
10.44 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2008 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.09
male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64
years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76
male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2008
est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.44 deaths/1,000
live births male: 5.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 81.88
years male: 78.43 years female: 85.64 years (2008
est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.35 children born/woman (2008
est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA
Nationality:
noun: Sammarinese
(singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Ethnic groups:
Sammarinese, Italian
Religions:
Roman Catholic
Languages:
Italian
Literacy:
definition: age 10 and
over can read and write total population: 96% male:
97% female: 95%
Government
San Marino
Country name:
conventional long form:
Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short
form: San Marino
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: San Marino
geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time
difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard
Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March;
ends last Sunday in October
8 October 1600; electoral law
of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Legal system:
based on civil law system with
Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Federico Pedini AMATI and Captain Regent
Rosa ZAFFERANI (for the period 1 April-30 September 2008) head of
government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs
Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006) cabinet: Congress of State
elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the
Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in
September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008); secretary of state for
foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for
a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by
2011) election results: Mirko TOMASSONI and Alberto SELVA
elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI
elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of
legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament
(Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the
Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside
over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress
of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and
General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of
state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime
ministerial roles
Legislative branch:
unicameral Grand and General
Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4
June 2006 (next to be held by June 2011) election results:
percent of vote by party - PDCS 32.9%, Party of Socialists and Democrats
31.9%, AP 11.9%, United Left 8.7%, New Socialist Party 5.4%, other parties
9.2%; seats by party - PDCS 21, Party of Socialists and Democrats 20, AP
7, United Left 5, New Socialist Party 3, others 4; note - following a
government reshuffle on 28 NOvember 2007, a splinter party of the PDCS
joined the center-left coalition formed by the Party of Socialists and
Democrats, the APDS, and the United Left strengthening the government's
parliamentary majority to 36 seats out of 60
Judicial branch:
Council of Twelve or Consiglio
dei XII
Political parties and leaders:
Communist Refoundation or RC
[Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National
Alliance or AN [Glauco SANSOVINI]; New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI];
Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian
Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular
Alliance of Democrats or AP [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist
Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo
GIARDI]; United Left
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt,
ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC,
OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
San Marino does not have an
embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: New York,
Washington, DC honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu
Diplomatic representation from the US:
the US does not have an embassy
in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of
white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in
the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three
peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the
word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Economy
San Marino
Economy - overview:
The tourist sector contributes
over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San
Marino. The key industries are banking, clothing and apparel, electronics,
and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per
capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of
the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
euros per US dollar - 0.7345
(2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications
San Marino
Telephones - main lines in use:
21,000 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
17,390 (2006)
Telephone system:
general assessment:
adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system
completely integrated into Italian system; combined fixed-line and
mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 378; connected to Italian
international network
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios:
16,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
1 (San Marino residents also
receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Televisions:
9,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.sm
Internet hosts:
3,344 (2007)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
2 (2000)
Internet users:
15,400 (2006)
Transportation
San Marino
Roadways:
total: 104 km
paved: 104 km (2003)
Military
San Marino
Military branches:
no regular military forces;
Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial
duties and limited police functions (2006)
Military service age and obligation:
16-55 for voluntary service in
Voluntary Military Force (2006)
